Where do SDOH fit in the ICF model?

• A. Personal goals
• B. Environmental and personal factors
• C. Body functions
• D. Activities and participation

Answer: (B)

Social determinants of health shape how a person experiences functioning by providing the surrounding context in which health occurs. In the ICF, contextual factors fall into two broad areas: Environmental factors, which cover the external social and physical environment and attitudes that can facilitate or impede participation, and Personal factors, which encompass the individual's background and life circumstances such as education, socioeconomic status, age, and coping style. Since SDOH include both the external conditions people live in and aspects of their personal life context, they fit under Environmental factors and Personal factors. They are not the body functions or the actual activities and participation themselves, but the contextual influences that shape what a person can do and how well they can do it.