Define midstream care.

• A. Addressing individual-level risk factors
• B. Addressing root causes
• C. Treating disease after it occurs
• D. Public health policy changes

Answer: (A)

Midstream care targets changes in the individual’s own risk factors and behaviors that influence the chance of developing disease. It sits between broad societal factors and actual treatment after disease appears, focusing on personal preventive actions like quitting smoking, improving diet, increasing physical activity, and participating in screening or vaccination programs. This is why it’s the best match: it describes interventions that modify a person’s risk factors before illness develops, rather than addressing root causes at a policy or societal level (upstream) or treating disease after it occurs (downstream). The other options align with upstream or downstream approaches, not midstream.